With this project we aim to examine the Roman expansion and the subsequent acculturations as social processes and from a local perspective. We will examine in detail the patterns of interaction between Roman imperialism and the native population in two specific areas, each located at the ends of the Mediterranean, Catalonia and Israel, in order to search for timings, rates and singularities. We will apply and archaeozoological approach that will allow us to investigate key aspects of the Roman economy and society, such as dietary patterns, livestock practices or animal trade.