The Lebanese Civil War severely transformed the traditional agronomic landscapes of the Bekaa Valley. As a result, several fragile and less visible archaeological and landscape features remained unmapped. The Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) SIGNATURE project will investigate the long-term settlement and land use dynamics that transformed the cultural soilscapes of the Bekaa Valley in Lebanon and the fertile plains between the Litani and Orontes rivers. The project will combine Big Earth Observation Data and geoarchaeological signatures in computational workflows to accurately map and predict the location of anthropogenic soils and landforms, monitor historical and present-day land use trends, and identify acute landscape transformations endangering the preservation of vulnerable archaeological and heritage assets.